Rivoli's Hummingbird
A species of Magnificent Hummingbirds Scientific name : Eugenes fulgens Genus : Magnificent Hummingbirds
Rivoli's Hummingbird, A species of Magnificent Hummingbirds
Botanical name: Eugenes fulgens
Genus: Magnificent Hummingbirds
Content
Description General Info
Photo By Francesco Veronesi , used under CC-BY-SA-2.0 /Cropped and compressed from original 
Description
Rivoli's hummingbird species ranges from 11–14 cm (4.3–5.5 in) in length and weighs from 6 to 10 g (0.21 to 0.35 oz), with males typically a little larger than females. The bird has a wingspan of 18 centimetres (7.1 in). Of the hummingbirds found in the United States, Rivoli's hummingbird is one of the two largest species, rivaled in size only by the blue-throated hummingbird. The black bill is long and straight to slightly curved. Both sexes look very dark unless the sun catches the iridescence of the plumage and the brilliant colours flash in the sunlight. The adult male is green-bronze dorsally, becoming more bronzed on the black-tipped tail. The crown is violet, the throat gorget bright blue-green, and the rest of the head black apart from a white spot behind the eye. The chest is green-bronze and the belly grayish. The female is bronze-green dorsally and has a dull grey ventral colouring. There is a white stripe behind her eye. Immature birds are like the female, but darker and browner. 
Size
11-12 cm (4.25-4.8 in)
Life Expectancy
9-11 years
Nest Placement
Shrub
Clutch Size
2 eggs
Number of Broods
15 - 19 days
Feeding Habits
Rivoli's Hummingbird primarily consume floral nectar and small insects or spiders, either gleaning or airborne capture. Specializing with their bills to access deep flowers like agaves, they trapline or defend key feed sites. Their varied diet includes thistles, columbine, Salvia, and more, extending to cacti and honeydew in the south.
Habitat
Rivoli's Hummingbird predominantly reside in montane pine-oak forests and humid montane forests, from elevations of 5,000 to 9,000 feet. They favor forest edges and clearings over dense interiors, often near streams replete with flowers. Key vegetation includes species like ponderosa pine, Chihuahua pine, and alligator juniper. Although less attracted to dense forests, rivoli's Hummingbird may adapt to second-growth areas, grasslands, and farmlands with agave flowers. Seasonally, they may also venture to lower or higher elevations depending on floral resources.
Nest Behavior
The female rivoli's Hummingbird selects the nest site, builds the nest, and cares for the eggs and young alone. Nest building and egg-laying are seasonal, following local climate patterns typical to rivoli's Hummingbird's habitat.
Nest Characteristics
Rivoli's Hummingbird's nest is a small cup made of leaves, feathers, and moss, with lichen on the exterior, secured with spiderwebs. It measures roughly 2.2 inches wide and 1.7 inches tall, nestled on horizontal branches often above streams and 10-89 feet off the ground.
Dite type
Nectivorous
General Info
Feeding Habits
Bird food type
Bird Feeder Type
Nectar Feeder
Behavior
Rivoli's Hummingbird are known for their unique adaptation to cooler climates, where they go into torpor to conserve energy by significantly dropping their body temperature. They engage in a promiscuous mating system with no established pair bonds and exhibit a 'traplining' foraging technique, feeding from dispersed plants throughout the day. Females independently build nests, defend their territory, and raise the chicks, as males typically do not contribute to these tasks. In their nesting season during the spring and summer, they rely on an abundance of flowers and insects. Rivoli's Hummingbird may occasionally engage in competitive interactions with other hummingbird species at food sources, though they generally coexist harmoniously with other birds in their habitat.
Distribution Area
Rivoli's hummingbird breeds in mountains from the southwestern United States to Honduras and Nicaragua. It inhabits the edges and clearings of montane oak forests from about 2,000 m altitude up to the timberline, though bird feeders often attract them to lower altitudes. During the breeding season they live around ravines in mountain areas of southern Arizona and New Mexico. They feed in open meadows where flowers are abundant.
Species Status
Not globally threatened.
Scientific Classification
Phylum
Chordates Class
Birds Order
Swifts and hummingbirds Family
Hummingbirds Genus
Magnificent Hummingbirds Species
Rivoli's Hummingbird 
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