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Marbled Duck

A species of Marbled Duck
Scientific name : Marmaronetta angustirostris Genus : Marbled Duck

Marbled Duck, A species of Marbled Duck
Botanical name: Marmaronetta angustirostris
Genus: Marbled Duck
Marbled Duck (Marmaronetta angustirostris) Photo By Ferran Pestaña , used under CC-BY-SA-2.0 /Cropped and compressed from original

Description

The marbled duck is approximately 39–42 cm (15–17 in) long. Adults are a pale sandy-brown colour, diffusely blotched off-white, with a dark eye-patch and shaggy head. The female averages smaller than the male, but otherwise the sexes are alike. Juveniles are similar but with more off-white blotches. In flight, the wings look pale without a marked pattern, and no speculum on the secondaries. These birds feed mainly in shallow water by dabbling or up-ending, occasionally diving. Adults feed mostly on seeds (for example, from Scirpus and Ruppia), but also take significant quantities of invertebrates (especially aquatic insect larvae and pupae, tiny crustaceans, and—highly unusual for a duck—ants) and green plants (for example, Potamogeton). Their gizzard allows them to break down seeds and the lamellae in their beak allow them to filter feed on zooplanktonic organisms. Young marbled ducks feed mostly on invertebrates. Although they may take tiny seeds, they lack the large gizzard necessary to break down the larger seeds commonly consumed by adults.
Size
48 cm
Feeding Habits
Marbled Duck predominantly feed in shallow waters using dabbling and up-ending techniques, and more rarely diving. Their diet mainly consists of seeds like Scirpus and Ruppia, aquatic insects, tiny crustaceans, unusual for ducks, ants, and plant matter like Potamogeton. Adaptations include a gizzard for seed digestion and beak lamellae for filtering zooplankton. Juveniles focus on invertebrates due to their smaller gizzard.
Habitat
Marbled Duck typically inhabit shallow fresh, brackish, or alkaline waters, favoring areas with dense vegetation around temporary and seasonal wetlands in arid landscapes. Ideal environments include marshes, coastal lagoons, slow-moving rivers, and man-made reservoirs predominantly within the Mediterranean basin and extending to the Levant, Mesopotamia, and parts of Western and Central Asia. These birds have nomadic traits, with some populations dispersing to the Sahel zone south of the Sahara in winter. Breeding often occurs in densely vegetated shores or secluded nests among reeds. Marbled Duck form flocks which vary in size from small gatherings outside the breeding season to large wintering concentrations in select locales.
Dite type
Aquatic invertebrate eater

General Info

Distribution Area

This duck formerly bred in large numbers in the Mediterranean region, but is now restricted to a few sites in southern Spain, southern Italy, northwest Africa and the broader Levant. Further east it survives in the Mesopotamian marshland in southern Iraq and in Iran (Shadegan Marshes - the world's most important site), as well as isolated pockets in Armenia, Azerbaijan, South European Russia, western India and western China. In general the species has nomadic tendencies. In some areas birds disperse from the breeding grounds, and have been encountered in the winter period in the Sahel zone, south of the Sahara. Its preferred breeding habitat is temporary and shallow fresh, brackish or alkaline waters with densely vegetated shores in regions that otherwise are fairly dry. It may also breed in coastal lagoons, along slow rivers or man-made waters like reservoirs. The on average c. 12 eggs are placed in a nest covered by dense vegetation at the waters edge. It is usually on the ground, but occasionally higher among reeds or on huts made from reeds. They are common in captive collections but are a nervous and flighty bird. These are gregarious birds, at times even when nesting. Outside the breeding season flocks are often small, although large wintering flocks have been reported in some areas. The largest winter concentration known is in Khuzestan, Iran. In 2011, a group of Iraqi ornithologists counted a single flock of the rare marbled teal on the lakes of the Iraqi marshes, numbering at least 40,000 birds.

Species Status

This bird is considered vulnerable by the IUCN due to a reduction in population caused by habitat destruction and hunting. It is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) applies.
Marbled Duck (Marmaronetta angustirostris) Marbled Duck (Marmaronetta angustirostris) Photo By Ferran Pestaña , used under CC-BY-SA-2.0 /Cropped and compressed from original

Scientific Classification

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