South American Tern
A species of Typical Terns Scientific name : Sterna hirundinacea Genus : Typical Terns
South American Tern, A species of Typical Terns
Botanical name: Sterna hirundinacea
Genus: Typical Terns
Content
Description General Info
Photo By Liam Quinn , used under CC-BY-SA-2.0 /Cropped and compressed from original 
Description
With adult South American terns reaching a length of 40 to 44 centimetres (16 to 17 in), they are larger than either common terns (Sterna hirundo) or Arctic terns (Sterna paradisaea). Otherwise they closely resemble these species in plumage at all times of year. The beak is larger and is red in adults, and they do not have a dark-coloured bar on the carpus of the wing. The black cap extends below the eye, usually separated from it by a white crescent, and the rear edge of the cap is neatly defined. Juveniles have boldly-barred, dusky, upper parts, and retain their barred tertials into their immature plumage, which differentiates them from common and Arctic tern immatures. 
Size
43 cm
Feeding Habits
South American Tern primarily consumes small fish, crustaceans, and insects. It feeds mainly on Argentine anchovy, essential for chicks, and diversifies with silversides and striped weakfish. South American Tern employs plunge-diving for foraging and follows porpoises or predatory fish schools to locate prey.
Habitat
The south American Tern primarily inhabits coastal regions, nesting on sandy and rocky beaches, cliff tops, and often on small offshore islands. Outside of the breeding season, non-breeders are found frequenting coastal waters, beaches, estuaries, and harbors, maintaining a strong affinity for marine environments.
Dite type
Piscivorous
General Info
Behavior
The South American tern feeds on fish, crustaceans and other small invertebrates. It nests on islands, beaches and cliff tops, and when not breeding may be seen offshore, in estuaries and harbours. An 1877 account described a breeding colony found on a beach in Chubut Province in Argentina. A very large number of birds were nesting in an area about 130 square metres (150 sq yd). The nests were mere scrapes in the gravel and shingle, each containing one, two or three eggs. These were smaller than the eggs of the Sandwich tern but resembled them in general appearance, though every one was differently marked. It was difficult walking between the nests without crushing eggs, and it was estimated that there might be 135,000 nesting birds, with 67,500 nests containing 112,500 eggs.
Distribution Area
This tern is found around the coasts of the southern half of South America. Its breeding range extends on the Atlantic coast from east central Brazil southwards through Argentina and the Falkland Islands to Tierra del Fuego. On the Pacific coast it breeds in southern Peru and Chile. In the winter, birds from the southern end of the range migrate northwards to Ecuador, Uruguay and Southern Brazil.
Species Status
Not globally threatened.
Scientific Classification
Phylum
Chordates Class
Birds Order
Shorebirds Family
Gulls Genus
Typical Terns Species
South American Tern 
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